Diving was first introduced in the official programme of the Summer Olympic Games at the 1904 Games of St. Louis and has been an Olympic sport since. It was known as "fancy diving" for the acrobatic stunts performed by divers during the dive (such as somersaults and twists). This discipline of Aquatics, along with swimming, synchronized swimming and water polo, is regulated and supervised by the International Swimming Federation (FINA), the international federation (IF) for aquatic sports.

The first Olympic diving events were contested by men and consisted of a platform diving event ("fancy high diving") and also a plunge for distance event, which heralded victorious the diver who could reach the farthest underwater, while remaining motionless after a ground-level standing dive. At the 1908 Summer Olympics, men's springboard diving was added to the programme replacing the plunge for distance, regarded as uninteresting. Women's diving debut happened at the 1912 Summer Olympics in the platform event and was expanded to springboard diving at the 1920 Summer Olympics. A parallel platform diving event for men, called "plain high diving", was presented at the Games of the V Olympiad. No acrobatic moves were allowed, only a simple straight dive off the platform. It was last contested at the 1924 Summer Olympics after which it was merged with "fancy high diving" into one competition renamed "highboard diving" (or just "high diving").


Swimming has been a sport at every modern Summer Olympics. It has been open to women since 1912. Along with track & field athletics it is one of the most popular spectator sports at the Games and one with the biggest number of events.

Synchronized swimming has been contested at the Summer Olympics since the 1984 Games. The current Olympic program has competition in duet and team events, but in past games, a solo event was also contested. The United States, Canada and Japan have traditionally been the strongest nations in the sport, winning every Olympic medal from 1984 through 1996, but Russia has recently dominated, winning every event in 2000 and 2004.

Water polo has been part of the Summer Olympics program since the second games, in 1900. A women's water polo tournament was introduced for the 2000 Summer Olympics. Hungary, Italy and Great Britain have dominated this sport, with the former having won as many gold medals as the other two combined.

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